There are nine branch projects under the unit project, and the branch projects of architectural decoration are ranked third.
Doors and windows belong to the sub-division under the "architectural decoration Division project", which is called "doors and windows sub-division Project '.
See Appendix B of GB50300-2001 unified standards for construction quality acceptance of construction projects.
The building doors and windows project has:
Building doors and windows engineering
I. Overview
In general residential projects, there are three types of doors and windows that come into contact: fire doors, unit doors, exterior doors and windows (aluminum alloy, plastic steel doors and windows). Fire doors are generally used in staircase aisles, all kinds of inspection wells, basements with fire protection requirements, elevator data centers, residential entrance door with more than six floors (there are several detailed regulations and specific checks), etc; the unit door is set at the unit entrance, which is located at the facade of the building. It is recommended to set awning, etc. The exterior doors and windows of the building include the exterior windows and exterior doors of various rooms, balcony doors, etc.
II. Deepening design
1. Fire doors: steel fireproof door and wooden fireproof door are commonly used for fire doors. After the summary of the previous projects, it is recommended to use steel fireproof door for basements and parts with large moisture or possible exposure to rainwater, use wooden fireproof door for other parts (paint-free board or paint brush). Several points should be paid attention to in deepening the design of fire door: first, the net width requirement of fire door refers to the width of openable field, especially the width of the door between the walkway and the front room of the elevator, refer to the width of the evacuation passage; the opening direction is usually opened according to the direction of evacuation passage. The door near the settlement joint of the building cannot cross the settlement joint after the door leaf is opened; The door at the pipeline well, generally, 100-150 high water retaining bars should be set under the door; Check whether there are any missing parts in the design drawings, and check whether there are any missing parts in the area without design according to the design requirements of the fire partition, for example, in the Villa part of plot 7, the basement is connected basement, and whether there are missing fire doors in the staircase leading to the first floor are not installed or designed.
2. Entrance door: according to the drawings, the fire door is designed to open in the direction of evacuation, and the net width is not less than 0.90M (discussion), which is mainly calculated according to the requirements of building fire protection design specifications, for design Institute matters, the inspection work is mainly done on site.
3. Unit door, the deepening of style and type generally depends on the quality of the project. At the same time, the opening width of the door leaf is generally not less than entrance door of the indoor width; In addition, the setting position of intercom host should be considered, when determining the processing size of the door, it should communicate and coordinate with the intelligent unit.
4. Exterior doors and windows of the building: at present, aluminum alloy and plastic steel doors and windows are the most widely used in the project.
Determine the size or opening area of doors and windows:
Bedrooms and living rooms should have natural ventilation with direct circulation of outdoor air, and ventilation measures should be taken for single-facing houses. Rooms with natural ventilation shall comply with the following regulations: the ventilation and area of bedrooms, living rooms and bright bathrooms shall not be less than 1/20 of the floor area of the room, the ventilation and area of the kitchen should not be less than 1/10 of the floor area of the room, and not less than 060 ㎡. Here is a concept, "window-to-floor ratio", which is generally set to 15%-20%, and is generally set to 1/7 in design. The popular name is "window-wall ratio", which is generally 15%.
The code for fire protection design of high-rise civil buildings (not very detailed, need to be discussed) stipulates that the opening area of doors and windows shall not be less than 2 ㎡, such as No. 7 plot 1#, 5# room elevator front room window.
Determine the size of doors and windows:
1. Opening Area 2. Opening type adopted 3. Type of profile 4. Cost
Determine the opening type of doors and windows:
The opening types mainly include push-pull, outer flat open, inner flat open, upper suspension, lower suspension, inner open and inner guide, etc. Advantages and disadvantages: the push-pull type can only open the maximum general area, and the sealing is not good; The outer flat opening does not occupy the indoor space, and the opening area can be larger, but it is not easy to clean, and it is not allowed to be used in the high-rise; the internal flat opening will occupy the indoor space, and the risk of water leakage is relatively high, but the sealing is good; The opening area of the upper suspension and the lower suspension is small, and the air tightness is relatively good. Generally, the parts with exhaust measures in the bathroom are used more; internal opening and internal guide: The performance is good, but the price is high, which is mainly expensive in hardware accessories.
Selection of profile types: plastic steel, aluminum alloy, steel and wood. Preoccupation is an economic index. Considering the price and positioning of the community, the durability of plastic steel is worse.
Determination of Profile specifications: mainly based on opening type, glass thickness, energy-saving checking results, and economy, the above factors are considered comprehensively.
Selection of glass: 1. According to the results of energy-saving checking, the specifications of hollow glass 2. Selection regulations of tempered glass:(1), framed doors and frameless doors, among them, frameless doors and doors are generally made of tempered glass (2), 7-storey and more than 7-storey buildings outwards opening window, outwards opening window refers to the hinge or shaft installed on the left and right side or the upper and lower side of the window, windows that can be opened outward (3), windows with an area greater than 1.5 ㎡ or floor-to-ceiling windows with a distance of decorative surface less than 500 at the bottom of the glass (4) according to the design regulations of plastic steel doors and windows, plastic steel window glass with a distance of less than 900 from the tread surface. Optional interview system width ≥ 0.22 m, width ≤ 0.45 m can be stepped parts (5) skylight, lighting roof 3, selection of energy-saving glass (Low-E)4, toilet use frosted glass.
Determination of hardware: determine different accessories according to the opening type of doors and windows. The main hardware used include sliding doors and windows: pulley (iron or high elastic nylon), Crescent lock, two or more locks; flat doors and windows: hinge or hinge (bright and dark), handle, two-point lock or multi-point lock, lock with lock cylinder (generally used for external doors), dagger (with friction and no friction), the calculation of multi-point lock should be based on the height of doors and windows to determine the length of the lock; Upper and lower suspended windows: Dagger, handles, locks. Common brands include: Jianlang, Lixing, Noto, etc.
Weather proofing sealant: Generally, the river and white clouds are widely used"
Determination of steel sub-frame: according to the latest regulations of Jiangsu province and Wuxi city, steel payment must be set for all exterior doors and windows of buildings, and the No. 7 plot is set according to the principle of setting steel sub-frame for doors, generally, 20*30 or 20*40 are used, and the wall thickness is about 1.5. See attachment (I) for main advantages and disadvantages and construction methods.
Lightning protection design: the aluminum alloy doors and windows, metal railings, etc. of high-rise buildings need lightning protection and grounding treatment, and the specific floors that need to be designed for lightning protection shall be subject to the design. The specific method is that the aluminum alloy doors and windows are connected with the grounding flat iron reserved for hydropower by using copper braid, while the iron railing is directly welded with the grounding flat iron.
Determination of plastic steel doors and windows lined steel: The door is 2.0 thick and the window is 1.5 thick. High-rise buildings are generally divided according to floors. For example, the window of plot 7 is divided by 10 floors. The window is 2.0 thick for 10 floors and more than 10 floors, and 1.5 thick for 10 floors or less. At the same time, the section form of lined steel should be determined, such as "[", "C" and "□", which should be determined according to the design and reflected in the node diagram.
Wall connecting parts determination: refers to the construction of the connection between the door and window frame and the wall. If there is a secondary frame, it refers to the connection between the secondary frame and the wall. The material is usually hot galvanized. Connector size is generally 150-200 long, 15 wide, 1.5 thick. Arrangement: the distance between corner of the window and 180mm, and the middle distance shall not exceed 500mm.
Construction pre-control and key inspection: 1. Fire door, installation position and opening direction. The installation position of door frame is generally flush with the painted surface. If there are decoration layers such as wall tiles, the thickness of wall tiles should be taken into account during installation.
2. Entrance door: generally, structural columns or concrete reinforcing frames should be set at entrance door of the installation position; The installation height is determined, and it can be met by sitting directly on the surface of the decoration layer in public areas, generally, the situation of eating frame will not appear after interior decoration; The door frame should be grouted, and the verticality and opening of the door should be checked at the same time; If it is designed as a fire door, attention should be paid to the collection and arrangement of data, it is mainly the data of the fire report.
3. Outer doors and windows:
Hole size: Check whether the hole size is consistent with the drawing design, and confirm the processing size of doors and windows. Generally, the corresponding necking is carried out according to the hole size. The main problem is on the left and right sides, generally, the size of the left and right holes is about 2-inch smaller than that of the door and window frame, which is mainly convenient for blowing agent. If the two holes are under dimension or more, the civil engineering unit needs to correct the size before installing the door and window frame.
Confirmation of installation height: The best installation height of the window is that the upper port is installed based on the structural beam. The structure is often inconsistent with the building in the drawing design, if there is a difference of less than 10cm between the upper size of doors and windows and the elevation of the structural beam in the architectural drawings, it is recommended to install it directly according to the structural beam as the benchmark. If it exceeds, it is suggested to add lintel (it is best to carefully check the architectural drawings and structural drawings during structural construction. If this happens, the structural beam will be hung directly with different heights); Door, the installation height is based on the indoor floor and determined after considering the thickness of the decoration layer of the owner in the later period.
Door and window entry inspection: mainly check the profile specification, aluminium windows connection or welding quality of plastic steel doors and windows (clear weld seam and side stitch), on-site breakage inspection, etc., and make records.
Prevention and Control of leakage of doors and windows: the main reasons are 1. Improper reserved size of doors and windows openings 2. Incorrect foaming agent placement 3. Unstable splicing and installation of doors and windows 4. Unstable closing of doors and windows painting 5, the lower ball gag seam is not dense. Preventive measures:
1. The installation of doors and windows should be regular and firm. After the installation, a qualified testing institution shall be entrusted to carry out air tightness inspection according to relevant regulations and regulations.
2. Before installing and fixing the door and window frame, the size of the reserved hole should be reviewed according to the horizontal reference line, the center line of the hole positioning and the Wall axis, rough with waterproof mortar, and then fixed the outer frame or auxiliary frame. The width of the gap between the outer frame and the wall should be determined according to the external insulation thickness and the finishing material.
3. The opening direction, installation position and connection mode of aluminum alloy doors and windows shall meet the design requirements.
1: The installation of doors and windows should be horizontal and vertical, leaving a certain gap with the wall of the opening, and the gap on both sides (excluding the upper 100 range of the corner) should be filled with elastic materials, surface application sealant sealed.
2: aluminum alloy door and window frame the installation must be firm, and the number, location, embedding method and frame connection method of embedded parts must meet the design requirements. When there is no special instruction in the design, hot dip galvanized steel sheet and expansion screw shall be connected and fixed. The thickness of galvanized steel sheet shall not be less than 1.5mm, and the fixed point shall be set from 150mm away from the corner, and the intermediate spacing shall not be more than 500mm. It is forbidden to use long-legged expansion bolts to penetrate the profile to fix the door and window frame.
3: solid bricks or concrete blocks should be embedded at the opening side of hollow brick or light block wall for fixed connector. Installing doors and windows on masonry is strictly prohibited to be fixed with fastener. The position of alignment wooden wedge for temporary positioning of doors and windows should be reasonable.
4. After the opening of doors and windows should be clean and dry, the closed-cell elastic foaming agent should be applied, and the foaming agent should be continuously applied, forming at one time, filling full. The foaming agent outside the door and window frame should be inserted into the gap in front of the conjunctival to prevent the foaming agent from being damaged adventitious coat.
5. The outside of the door and window frame should be 5mm wide and 8mm deep.
6. The base layer should be cleaned and dried before neutral silicone sealant can be applied. Sealant is strictly prohibited from being applied to the facing layer.
7. Rubber sealing strips or felt sealing strips for glass installation should conform to the current national product quality standards, have good weather resistance, elasticity and shear strength, and recycled rubber products are not allowed.
8.4mm × 30mm flat bottom drain holes should be drilled at the slot of the lower frame of doors and windows, and the spacing should be about 600mm.
9. The window table should be decumbent and drained, and the height difference of the decumbent should not be less than 30mm. The upper window lintel is made into a olecranon shape or a 10mm deep drip sink.
10. The plaster layers around the exterior wall and window sill and between the plaster layer and the matrix must be firmly bonded, and the plaster layer should be free of delaminations, Air Force Drum Corps and cracks.
